Table 2 Outcome indicators in included studies (n = 82)
From: Emergency cervical cerclage in delayed-interval delivery of twin pregnancies: a scoping review
Included study | F1 mortality rate (%) | F2 mortality rate (%) | d* | d1/d2# | Obstetric management measures other than cerclage | Incidence of chorioamnionitis in cerclage patients (%) | Complication rate in cerclage patients (%) | F2 NICU admission rate in cerclage patients (%) | F2 1Â min/5 min Apgar scores in cerclage patients (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ugoj et al. [11] | 100% | 0% | 33 | 33/- | Antibiotics, bed rest, tocolytics, progestogens to protect fetus | 0% | 0% | 0% | 9/10 |
Sharma et al. [12] | 100% | 0% | 59 | 59/- | High umbilical cord ligation, antibiotics, tocolytics, progestogens to protect fetus, promoting fetal maturation, bed rest | 0% | 0% | 100% | —— |
Park et al. [13] | 100% | 0% | 86 (46, 126) | 86/- | High umbilical cord ligation, tocolytics, broad-spectrum antibiotics | 50% | 0% | 0% | 7/9, 9/10 |
Cheng et al. [14] | 100% | 28.6% | 79.6 ± 20.1 | 98.3/54.7 | Antibiotics, tocolytics, progestogens to protect fetus, promoting fetal maturation, fetal neuroprotection, amnioinfusion | 75% | 25% | —— | —— |
Liu et al. [15] | 100% | 25% | 34.8 ± 12.8 | 34.8/- | High umbilical cord ligation, tocolytics, promoting fetal maturation, fetal neuroprotection | 100% | 0% | 25% | 8/9, 9/10, 8/8, 0/0 |
Ngalame et al. [16] | 100% | 0% | 100 | 100/- | Progestogens to protect fetus, promoting fetal maturation, tocolytics, antibiotics, bed rest, anticoagulants | 0% | 0% | 100% | 8/- |
Cheng et al. [17] | 60% | 0% | 15.0 ± 4.8 | 14.0/15.3 | High umbilical cord ligation, tocolytics, antibiotics, promoting fetal maturation | 100% | 100% | —— | —— |
de Frias et al. [18] | 100% | 0% | 154 | 154/- | Antibiotics, tocolytics | 0% | 0% | —— | —— |
Yu et al. [19] | 26.9% | 62.5% | 11.9 (3, 50) | 31/- | High umbilical cord ligation, antibiotics, tocolytics, transfusion | 0% | 0% | —— | 0/0, 3/6 |
Imachi et al. [20] | 100% | 0% | 83 | 83/- | Antibiotics, tocolytics, promoting fetal maturation | 0% | 0% | —— | 9/9 |
Api et al. [21] | 100% | 100% | 4 | 4/- | High umbilical cord ligation, progesterone to protect fetus, promoting fetal maturation, antibiotics, tocolytics, anticoagulants | 0% | 0% | 100% | —— |
Singh et al. [22] | 100% | 0% | 104 | 104/- | High umbilical cord ligation, tocolytics, promoting fetal maturation, antibiotics, progestogens to protect fetus | 0% | 0% | 0% | 8/10 |
Aydin et al. [23] | 100% | 0% | 101 | 101/- | Antibiotics, tocolytics, promoting fetal maturation | 0% | 0% | —— | 9/- |
Ding et al. [24] | 100% | 0% | 24.3 ± 7.6 | 7/30 | High umbilical cord ligation, antibiotics, tocolytics, promoting fetal maturation | —— | 0% | —— | —— |
Petousis et al. [25] | 100% | 20% | 61.4 ± 24.6 | 61.4/- | Antibiotics, tocolytics | 0% | 0% | 75% | 8/9, 0/0, 6/7, 4/6, 1/4 |
Caliskan et al. [26] | 100% | 0% | 72 | 72/0 | Antibiotics, tocolytics, progestogens to protect fetus, promoting fetal maturation | 0% | 0% | 0% | 8/10 |
Chen et al. [27] | 100% | 100% | 22.5 (5, 40) | 5/40 | High umbilical cord ligation, antibiotics, tocolytics | 100% | 0% | —— | 0/0 |
Khan et al. [28] | 100% | 0% | 106 | 106/- | Antibiotics, promoting fetal maturation, transfusion | —— | 100% | 0% | —— |
Klearhou et al. [29] | 100% | 0% | 48 | 48/- | Antibiotics, tocolytics, promoting fetal maturation, bed rest, anticoagulants | 0% | 0% | —— | 4/7 |
Cristinelli et al. [30] | 100% | 25% | 7 (2, 93) | 50.5/4 | Antibiotics, promoting fetal maturation, tocolytics, high umbilical cord ligation | 50% | 50% | —— | -, 6/8, 3/-, 5/6 |
Fayad et al. [31] | 92.6% | 21.4% | 47 ± 35.7 | 61.7/39.7 | High umbilical cord ligation, antibiotics, tocolytics | —— | —— | —— | —— |
Abboud et al. [32] | 100% | 50% | 37.5 (8, 67) | 37.5/8 | Antibiotics, progestogens to protect fetus, bed rest, tocolytics | —— | —— | —— | 6/- |